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    "headline": "A Grid Controller Got a Finite-Sample Safety Certificate",
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    "dek": "Exact binomial inference bounded unsafe-operation probability for 1,000-agent black-box controllers.",
    "summary": "Exact binomial inference bounded unsafe-operation probability for 1,000-agent black-box controllers.",
    "body_text": "A proposed certification framework reduces a complete input-controller-grid simulation to a binary unsafe outcome, then uses held-out scenarios and exact binomial inference to bound unsafe-operation probability. Case studies with 1,000-agent grid-edge controllers verified the finite-sample guarantee and added physically interpretable adversarial tests. The certificate applies to the calibration distribution and operator-defined specification, not every future grid condition.",
    "why_it_matters": "Exact binomial inference bounded unsafe-operation probability for 1,000-agent black-box controllers.",
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      "The certificate applies to the calibration distribution and operator-defined specification, not every future grid condition."
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        "qualification": "The certificate applies to the calibration distribution and operator-defined specification, not every future grid condition."
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    "tags": [
      "power grids",
      "safety certification",
      "multi-agent control"
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      "title": "arXiv preprint 2609.28182",
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      "published_at": "2026-09-23T10:24:46.000-04:00",
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    "title": "A Grid Controller Got a Finite-Sample Safety Certificate",
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