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    "story_id": "mp-2026-09-28-014",
    "source_story_id": "tmp-story-triceps-early-galaxy-rotation",
    "edition_id": "mp-2026-09-28-morning-0081",
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    "position": 14,
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    "headline": "Massive Galaxies Were Already Rotating 1.5 Billion Years After the Big Bang",
    "slug": "massive-galaxies-were-already-rotating-1-5-billion-years-after-the-big-bang",
    "dek": "TRICEPS resolved cold gas across 16 bright systems at redshifts four to five.",
    "summary": "TRICEPS resolved cold gas across 16 bright systems at redshifts four to five.",
    "body_text": "The TRICEPS survey combines ALMA carbon-line and dust maps with JWST imaging and molecular-gas observations for 16 massive star-forming galaxies at redshift 4 to 5. Its first paper reports an average of 46 significant resolution elements per galaxy and regular carbon-line velocity fields in every target, with interacting systems somewhat more disturbed. The sample was selected for bright [CII] flux and sits at the upper end of the star-forming population, so the reported ubiquity of rotation should not be generalized to all early galaxies.",
    "why_it_matters": "TRICEPS resolved cold gas across 16 bright systems at redshifts four to five.",
    "limitations": [
      "The sample was selected for bright [CII] flux and sits at the upper end of the star-forming population, so the reported ubiquity of rotation should not be generalized to all early galaxies."
    ],
    "importance": 9,
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    "first_published_at": "2026-09-28T09:00:00.000-04:00",
    "modified_at": "2026-09-28T09:00:00.000-04:00",
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        "text": "TRICEPS resolved cold gas across 16 bright systems at redshifts four to five.",
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        "qualification": "The sample was selected for bright [CII] flux and sits at the upper end of the star-forming population, so the reported ubiquity of rotation should not be generalized to all early galaxies."
      }
    ],
    "source_ids": [
      "source-2026-09-28-014"
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    "tags": [
      "early galaxies",
      "ALMA",
      "JWST"
    ],
    "image_url": null,
    "corrections": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "source_id": "source-2026-09-28-014",
      "title": "arXiv preprint 2609.30375",
      "publisher": "arXiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.30375",
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      "source_type": "primary_research",
      "is_primary_source": true,
      "published_at": "2026-09-24T14:00:03.000-04:00",
      "accessed_at": "2026-09-28T08:26:00.000-04:00",
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    "name": "The Machine Press",
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  "cite_this_report": {
    "title": "Massive Galaxies Were Already Rotating 1.5 Billion Years After the Big Bang",
    "publisher": "The Machine Press",
    "published_at": "2026-09-28T09:00:00.000-04:00",
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