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    "headline": "The Benchmark Decay Separates Two Kinds of Error",
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    "dek": "Pauli-stochastic rates enter linearly while Hamiltonian errors appear through a gauge-invariant quadratic form.",
    "summary": "Pauli-stochastic rates enter linearly while Hamiltonian errors appear through a gauge-invariant quadratic form.",
    "body_text": "For low-error gate sets forming an asymptotic unitary two-design, the paper expands randomized-benchmarking decay into interpretable error-generator terms. It derives an explicit form for a common single-qubit gate set and explains sampling and compilation dependence. The perturbative result assumes small gate-local Markovian noise.",
    "why_it_matters": "Pauli-stochastic rates enter linearly while Hamiltonian errors appear through a gauge-invariant quadratic form.",
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    "tags": [
      "quantum benchmarking",
      "Markovian noise",
      "gate errors"
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      "title": "arXiv preprint 2610.31500, original v1",
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